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We present pressure tuning hole burning experiments on thionin with alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) in a glycerol/water glass. The low temperature absorption spectra do not show the formation of a caging complex. The pressure tuning data, however, show that the compressibility of the sample with beta-CD, where the formation of an inclusion complex is not restricted due to geometrical reasons increases as compared to the other samples. This is just the opposite of what one would expect. This increase is interpreted in terms of a reduced solvent density around the chromophore due to the hydrophobic effect. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

We report the use of photoassociative spectroscopy to determine the ground-state s-wave scattering lengths for the main bosonic isotopes of strontium, Sr-86 and Sr-88. Photoassociative transitions are driven with a laser red detuned by up to 1400 GHz from the S-1(0)-P-1(1) atomic resonance at 461 nm. A minimum in the transition amplitude for Sr-86 at -494 +/- 5 GHz allows us to determine the scattering lengths 610a(0)< a(86)< 2300a(0) for Sr-86 and a much smaller value of -1a(0)< a(88)< 13a(0) for Sr-88.

The interactions of the two tautomers of thionin dye with DNA have been investigated by using satellite hole burning spectroscopy. Similar features in the absorption and satellite hole spectra of thionin in the presence of calf thymus (CT) DNA and polynucleotides [d(GC)(6)](2) (GC) suggested that thionin preferentially binds to GC rather than polynucleotides [d(AT)(6)](2) (AT). Different binding effects of the two tautomers to DNA could be observed. While the imino form fully intercalates into the DNA base pairs, the amino form is only partially intercalated. In addition, a broad hole associated with an antihole appeared in the presence of DNA, particularly in GC base pairs. The coincidence of the antihole with the absorption band of the amino form showed that the amino form is the photoproduct of the imino form. An increase in intensity of the broad hole and its antihole and the loss of nonresonant hole intensity upon interaction with CT DNA could be described by rapid ground state recovery resulting from fast charge transfer between the intercalated thionin and a guanine base quenching the internal conversion. (c) 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc.

Ultracold neutral plasmas are formed by photo-ionizing laser-cooled atoms near the ionization threshold. Through the application of atomic physics techniques and diagnostics, these experiments stretch the boundaries of traditional neutral plasma physics. The electron temperature in these plasmas ranges from 1 to 1000 K and the ion temperature is around 1 K. The density can approach 10(11) cm(-3). Fundamental interest stems from the possibility of creating strongly coupled plasmas, but recombination, collective modes, and thermalization in these systems have also been studied. Optical absorption images of a strontium plasma, using the Sr+ S-2(1/2) -> P-2(1/2) transition at 422 mn, depict the density profile of the plasma, and probe kinetics on a 50 ns time-scale. The Doppler-broadened ion absorption spectrum measures the ion velocity distribution, which gives an accurate measure of the ion dynamics in the first microsecond after photo-ionization.

We report photoassociative spectroscopy of Sr-88(2) in a magneto-optical trap operating on the S-1(0)-->P-3(1) intercombination line at 689 nm. Photoassociative transitions are driven with a laser red detuned by 600-2400 MHz from the S-1(0)-->P-1(1) atomic resonance at 461 nm. Photoassociation takes place at extremely large internuclear separation, and the photoassociative spectrum is strongly affected by relativistic retardation. A fit of the transition frequencies determines the P-1(1) atomic lifetime (tau=5.22+/-0.03 ns) and resolves a discrepancy between experiment and recent theoretical calculations.

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Absorption imaging and spectroscopy can probe the dynamics of an ultracold neutral plasma during the first few microseconds after its creation. Quantitative analysis of the data, however, is complicated by the inhomogeneous density distribution, expansion of the plasma and possible lack of global thermal equilibrium for the ions. In this paper, we describe methods for addressing these issues. Using simple assumptions about the underlying temperature distribution and ion motion, the Doppler-broadened absorption spectrum obtained from plasma images can be related to the average temperature in the plasma.

Hydrogenation-induced metal-semiconductor transitions usually occur in simple systems based on rare earths and/or magnesium, accompanied by major reconstructions of the metal host (atom shifts >2 Angstrom). We report on the first such transition in a quaternary system based on a transition element. Metallic LaMg2Ni absorbs hydrogen near ambient conditions, forming the nonmetallic hydride LaMg2NiH7 which has a nearly unchanged metal host structure (atom shifts <0.7 Angstrom). The transition is induced by a charge transfer of conduction electrons into tetrahedral [NiH4](4-) complexes having closed-shell electron configurations.

Hydrogenation-induced metal-semiconductor transitions usually occur in simple systems based on rare earths and/or magnesium, accompanied by major reconstructions of the metal host (atom shifts >2 Angstrom). We report on the first such transition in a quaternary system based on a transition element. Metallic LaMg2Ni absorbs hydrogen near ambient conditions, forming the nonmetallic hydride LaMg2NiH7 which has a nearly unchanged metal host structure (atom shifts <0.7 Angstrom). The transition is induced by a charge transfer of conduction electrons into tetrahedral [NiH4](4-) complexes having closed-shell electron configurations.

Using ab initio density-functional theory, the self-diffusion of adatom and dimer on fcc(100) metal surfaces are studied. For adatom diffusion, we find that the exchange mechanism is favored for Al, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt and Au, while the hopping mechanism is favored for Rh, Cu, and Ag. Except for Ir/Ir(100), the exchange diffusion energy has a surprising large size-effect and decreases as the surface unit cell increases. This is due to the long-ranged strain-field created at the exchange transition state, which needs a larger cell to relax. The hopping diffusion energy, on the other hand, has a very small size-effect and keeps approximately the same value for various surface unit cells. For self-diffusion on lr(100), the formation of covalent bonds are found at the exchange transition state, and thus the exchange diffusion energy has a little size-effect. Our results also indicate that the exchange mechanism is energetically more favorable for dimer diffusion on fcc(100) surface whenever it is favored for adatom diffusion on fcc(100) surface.

Different cellular accumulations with distinct fluorescence properties of BMVC in cancer cells from normal cells allow us to establish a simple and economic method for the diagnosis of cancer cells. With using a light emitting diode to excite the BMVC molecule, microarray fluorescence analysis of a cell-based glass chip provides an easy method towards the detection of a limited number of cancer cells.