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Wu, JS, Chen YF, Dhara S, Wu CT, Chen KH, Chen* LC.  2003.  Interface energy of Au7Si grown in the interfacial layer of truncated hexagonal dipyramidal Au nanoislands on polycrystalline-silicon. Appl. Phys. Lett.. 82:4468-4470.
Wei-ChaoChen, Cheng-YingChen, Lin Y-R, Chang J-K, Chen C-H, Chiu Y-P, Wu C-I, Chen K-H, Chen L-C.  2019.  Interface engineering of CdS/CZTSSe heterojunctions for enhancing the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cell efficiency. Materials Today Energy. 13:256-266. AbstractWebsite

Interface engineering of CdS/CZTS(Se) is an important aspect of improving the performance of buffer/absorber heterojunction combination. It has been demonstrated that the crossover phenomenon due to the interface recombination can be drastically eliminated by interface modification. Therefore, in-depth studies across the CdS/CZTS(Se) junction properties, as well as effective optimization processes, are very crucial for achieving high-efficiency CZTSSe solar cells. Here, we present a comprehensive study on the effects of soft-baking (SB) temperature on the junction properties and the corresponding optoelectronic and interface-structural properties. Based on in-depth photoemission studies corroborated with structural and composition analysis, we concluded that interdiffusion and intermixing of CZTSSe and CdS phases occurred on the Cu-poor surface of CZTSSe at elevated SB temperatures, and the interface dipole moments induced by electrostatic potential fluctuation were thus significantly eliminated. In contrast, with low SB temperature, the CdS/CZTSSe heterojunction revealed very sharp interface with very short interdiffusion, forming interface dipole moments and drastically deteriorating device performance. These post thermal treatments also significantly suppress defect energy level of interface measured by admittance spectroscopy from 294 to 109 meV due to CdS/CZTSSe interdiffusion. Meanwhile, the interdiffusion effects on the shift of valence band maximum, conduction band minimum and band offset across the heterojunction of thermally treated CdS/CZTSSe interface are spatially resolved at the atomic scale by measuring the local density of states with cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. A significant enhancement in the power conversion efficiency from 4.88% to 8.48% is achieved by a facile interface engineering process allowing a sufficient intermixing of CdS/Cd and CZTSSe/Se phases without detrimental recombination centers.

Wang, CT, Ma* KJ, Chen KH, Chen LC, Kichambare PD.  2001.  Ion beam sputtered growth and mechanical properties of SiCN films. J. of Mater. Sci. and Engineering. 33:38.
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Fu, F-Y, Shown I, Li C-S, Raghunath P, Lin T-Y, Billo T, Wu H-L, Wu C-I, Chung P-W, Lin M-C, Chen L-C, Chen K-H.  2019.  KSCN-induced Interfacial Dipole in Black TiO2 for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction, 2019. ACS Applied Materials & InterfacesACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 11(28):25186-25194.: American Chemical Society AbstractWebsite
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Lo, HC, Hsiung HI, Chattopadhyay S, Han HC, Chen CF, Leu JP, Chen KH, Chen LC.  2011.  Label free sub-picomole level DNA detection with Ag nanoparticle decorated Au nanotip arrays as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy platform. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 26:2413-2418.
Chen, CP, Ganguly A, Wang CH, Hsu CW, Hsu YK, Chang YC, Chen* KH, Chen* LC.  2009.  Label-free dual sensing of DNA molecules using GaN nanowires. Anal. Chem.. 81:36-42.
Wu, JY, Chen KH.  1996.  Large Area Epitaxial Growth of Diamond Films. J. of the Vacuum Soc. of Taiwan. 9:18.
and P.D. Kichambare, Chen* LC, Wang CT, Ma KJ, Wu CT, Chen KH.  2001.  Laser irradiation of carbon nanotubes. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 72:218-222.
Thang, NQ, Sabbah A, Chen L-C, Chen K-H, Hai LV, Thi CM, Viet PV.  2020.  Localized surface plasmonic resonance role of silver nanoparticles in the enhancement of long-chain hydrocarbons of the CO2 reduction over Ag-gC3N4/ZnO nanorods photocatalysts, 2020. :116049. AbstractWebsite

The conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuels via the photocatalytic reaction route is considered a potential strategy to concurrently address serious energy crisis and greenhouse gas emission problems. Nevertheless, the generation of long-chain hydrocarbon products (Cn, n ≥ 2) from the visible-light-reactive photocatalytic CO2 reduction has also been considering a contemporary challenge. Herein, we indicate that Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) loaded gC3N4/ZnO nanorods heterojunction (Ag-gC3N4/ZnO NRs abbreviation) has extended photoactive range and enhanced specific surface area. The combination of Ag NPs and gC3N4/ZnO NRs significantly enhances photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency to form the acetone product. Detail, the acetone production efficiency of Ag-gC3N4/ZnO NRs is 8.4 and 7.5 times higher than pure ZnO NRs and gC3N4/ZnO NRs at the same condition, respectively. This study represents a potential approach toward higher-energy-value hydrocarbons production and greenhouse gas emission mitigation.

Dhara*, S, Wu JJ, Mangama G, Bera S, Magudapathy P, Wu CT, Nair KGM, Kamaruddin M, Yu CC, Yang MH, Liu SC, Tyagi AK, Narashiman SV, Chen LC, Chen KH.  2007.  Long-range ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature in Co+ implanted TiO2 nanorods. Nanotechnology. 18:325705.
Wang, CH, Chen CC, Hsu HC, Du HY, Chen CP, Hwang JY, Chen LC, C.Shih H, Stejskal J, Chen* KH.  2009.  Low methanol-permeable polyaniline/nafion composite membrane for direct methanol fuel cell. J. Power. Sources. 190:279-284.
Lin, PH, Lin CR, Chen LC, Chen* KH.  2002.  Low temperature growth of aligned carbon nanotubes in large area. Int. J. of Modern Phys.. B16:853-859.
Chen, KJ, Hong WK, Lin JB, Chen LC, Chen KH, Cheng* HC.  2001.  Low turn-on voltage field emission triodes with selective growth of carbon nanotubes. IEEE Electron Device Lett.. 22:516-518.
Li, L-C, Huang K-H, Wei J-A, Suen Y-W, Liu T-W, Chen C-C, Chen L-C, Chen K-H.  2011.  Low-frequency contact noise of GaN nanowire device detected by cross-spectrum technique. J. J. App. Phys.. 50:06GF21.
Shi, SC, Chen CF, Chattopadhyay S, Dhara SK, Chen KH, Ke BK, Chen* LC, Trinkler L, Berzina B.  2006.  Luminescence properties of wurtzite AlN nanotips. Appl. Phys. Lett.. 89:163127-(1-3).
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Aravind, K, Su YW, Chun DS, Kuo W, Wu CS, Chang-Liao KS, Chen KH, Chen LC, Chen CD.  2012.  Magnetic-field and temperature dependence of the energy gap in InN nanobelt. AIP Advances. 2:012155.
Su, YW, Aravind K, Wu CS, Kuo W, Chen KH, Chen LC, Chang-Liao KS, Su WF, Chen CD.  2009.  Magnetoresistance fluctuations in a weak disorder indium nitride nanowire. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.. 42:185009.
Chien, SC, Chattopadhyay* S, Chen LC, Lin ST, Chen KH.  2003.  Mechanical properties of amorphous boron carbon nitride films produced by dual gun sputtering. Diamond Relat. Mater. . 12:1463-1471.
Shen, ZH, Hess* P, Huang JP, Lin YC, Chen KH, Chen LC, Lin ST.  2006.  Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline diamond films. J. Appl. Phys.. 99:124302-(1-6).
Dhara*, S, Lu C-Y, Nair KGM, Chen KH, Chen C-P, Huang Y-F, David C, Chen LC, Raj B.  2008.  Mechanism of bright red emission in Si nanoclusters. Nanotechnology. 19:395401-(1-5).
Chen, CH, Chen YF, Lan ZH, Chen LC, Chen KH, Jiang HX, Lin JY.  2004.  Mechanism of enhanced luminescence in InxAlyGa1–x–yN quaternary epilayers. Appl. Phys. Lett.. 84:1480-1482.
Yang, HC, Kuo PF, Lin TY, Chen YF, Chen KH, Chen LC, Chyi JI.  2000.  Mechanism of luminescence in InGaN multiple quantum wells. Appl. Phys. Lett.. 76:3712-3714.
S. Dhara, Datta A, Wu CT, Chen* KH, Wang YL, Muto S, Tanabe T, Shen CH, Hsu CW, Chen LC, Maruyama T.  2005.  Mechanism of nanoblister formation in Ga+ self-ion implanted GaN nanowires. Appl. Phys. Lett.. 86:203119-(1-3).
Das, CR, Dhara S, Hsu HC, Chen LC, Jeng YR, Bhaduri AK, Raj B, Chen KH, Albert SK.  2009.  Mechanism of recrystallization process in epitaxial GaN under dynamic stress field : Atomistic origin of planar defect formation. J. Raman Spect.. 40:1881-1884.
Billo, T, Shown I, kumar Anbalagan A, Effendi TA, Sabbah A, Fu F-Y, Chu C-M, Woon W-Y, Chen R-S, Lee C-H, Chen K-H, Chen L-C.  2020.  A mechanistic study of molecular CO2 interaction and adsorption on carbon implanted SnS2 thin film for photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity, 2020. 72:104717. AbstractWebsite

Gas-phase photocatalytic reactions to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and hydrocarbons are the foundation of life on earth. However, the efficiency of photosynthesis is relatively low (~1%), which leaves much room for artificial photosynthesis to reach the benchmark of the solar cells (>15%). In this work, carbon implanted SnS2 thin films (C–SnS2) were prepared to study photocatalytic activity and adsorbate-catalyst surface interactions during CO2 photoreduction. The electron density distribution in C–SnS2 and its contribution toward the photogenerated charge transfer process has been analyzed by the angle-dependent X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) study. The C–SnS2 surface affinity toward the CO2 molecule was monitored by in-situ dark current and Raman spectroscopy measurements. By optimizing the dose during ion implantation, SnS2 thin film with 1 wt% carbon incorporation shows 108 times enhancement in the CO2 conversion efficiency and more than 89% product selectivity toward CH4 formation compared with the as-grown SnS2 without carbon incorporation. The improved photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to enhanced light harvesting, pronounced charge-transfer between SnS2 and carbon with improved carrier separation and the availability of highly active carbon sites that serve as favorable CO2 adsorption sites.