@article {558,
	title = {Detection of G-quadruplexes in cells and investigation of G-quadruplex structure of d(T2AG3)4 in K+ solution by a carbazole derivative: BMVC},
	journal = {Methods Mol Biol},
	volume = {608},
	year = {2010},
	note = {<p>Chang, Ta-ChauChang, Cheng-ChungClifton, N.J.Methods Mol Biol. 2010;608:183-206. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-363-9_12.</p>
},
	pages = {183-206},
	type = {Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t},
	edition = {2009/12/17},
	abstract = {<p>Verification of the existence of quadruplex structure in native human telomeres and determination of the major structure of d(T(2)AG(3))(4) (H24) in K(+) solution are the major questions regarding the structure of human telomeres. We have synthesized a fluorescent probe of 3,6-bis(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium)carbazole diiodide (BMVC) that has a very high binding affinity for G-quadruplex H24. BMVC stabilizes quadruplex structures and acts as a sensitive probe to the local environment. Although the circular dichroism patterns of H24 are different in Na(+) and K(+) solutions, similar binding behaviors of BMVC to H24 in these solutions led us to suggest that the major G-quadruplex structure of H24 in K(+) solution is very likely similar to that in Na(+) solution. Of particular interest is the fluorescent band detected at -575 nm in quadruplex H24 and at -545 nm in duplex DNA. In addition, the intensity of BMVC fluorescence increases by two orders of magnitudes upon interaction with either duplex or G-quadruplex DNA. BMVC has a greater binding preference for G-quadruplex H24 than for duplex DNA. Analyzing the BMVC fluorescence at the ends of metaphase chromosomes and other regions of chromosomes allowed us to verify the presence of G-quadruplex structure in human telomeres for the first time. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the longer decay time of BMVC in G-quadruplex H24 than in duplex DNA allowed us to map the G-quadruplex structure in human metaphase chromosomes.</p>
},
	keywords = {*G-Quadruplexes, Adenocarcinoma/genetics/pathology, Carbazoles/*chemistry, Computer Simulation, DNA/*chemistry/ultrastructure, Fluorescent Dyes, Guanine/*chemistry, Humans, Lung Neoplasms/genetics/pathology, Potassium/*chemistry, Pyridinium Compounds/*chemistry, Solutions, Telomere/*chemistry/ultrastructure, Tumor Cells, Cultured},
	isbn = {1940-6029 (Electronic)1064-3745 (Linking)},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20012423},
	author = {Chang, T. C. and Chang, C. C.}
}
