@article {Xia20113166,
	title = {A possible origin of room temperature ferromagnetism in Indium{\textendash}Tin oxide thin film: Surface spin polarization and ferromagnetism},
	journal = {Physica B: Condensed Matter},
	volume = {406},
	number = {17},
	year = {2011},
	note = {n/a},
	pages = {3166 - 3169},
	abstract = {<p>Room temperature ferromagnetism in both transition-metals doped and undoped semiconductor thin films and nanostructures challenges our understanding of the magnetism in solids. In this report, we performed the magnetic measurement and Andreev reflection spectroscopy study on undoped Indium{\textendash}Tin oxide (ITO) thin films and bulk samples. The magnetic measurement results of thin films show that the total magnetization/cm2 is thickness independent. Prominent ferromagnetism signal was also discovered in bulk samples. Spin polarized electron transports were probed on {\.I}TO\} thin film/superconductor interface and bulk samples surface/superconductor interface. Based on the magnetic measurement results and spin polarization measurement data, we propose that the ferromagnetism in this material originates from the surface spin polarization and this surface polarization may also explain the room temperature ferromagnetism discovered in other undoped oxide semiconductor thin films and nanostructures.</p>
},
	keywords = {{\.I}TO\} thin film},
	issn = {0921-4526},
	doi = {10.1016/j.physb.2011.05.016},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921452611004741},
	author = {Bin Xia and Yu Wu and Hui Wen Ho and Chang Ke and Wen Dong Song and Cheng Hon Alfred Huan and Jer Lai Kuo and Wei Guang Zhu and Lan Wang}
}
